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DOGE
(dohj)
The
elected magistrate of a “crowned republic”, esp.
Venice and Genoa
Common
clues: Venetian
magistrate; Old Venetian judge; Venetian honcho; Venetian V.I.P.;
Venetian bigwig
Crossword
puzzle frequency:
once a year
Frequency
in English language:
47148 / 86800
Video:
Venice,
Italy
Doge
is a dialectal Italian word that descends from the Latin dux (as
does the English duke and the standard Italian duce and duca),
meaning "leader", especially in a military context. The
wife of a Doge is styled a Dogaressa.
The
title of Doge was used for the elected chief of state in a number
of Italian "crowned republics". The two best known such
republics were Venice (where he was called a Doxe) and Genoa,
which rivaled each other, and the other regional great powers, by
building their historical city-states into maritime, commercial,
and territorial mini-empires.
Portrait
of Doge Leonardo Loredan wearing the traditional corno ducale
According
to the chronicler John the Deacon, author of the Chronicon
Venetum ("Chronicle of Venice"), written about AD 1000,
the office of the Doge was first instituted in Venice about 700,
replacing tribunes that had led the cluster of early settlements
in the lagoon. Whether or not the first doges were technically
local representatives of the Emperor of Constantinople, the doge,
like the emperor, held office for life and was similarly regarded
as the ecclesiastical, the civil and the military leader, in a
power structure termed caesaropapism.
As
the oligarchical element in the constitution developed, the more
important functions of the ducal office were assigned to other
officials, or to administrative boards, and he who had once been
the pilot of the ship became little more than a figurehead. The
last doge was Ludovico Manin, who abdicated on 1797, when Venice
passed under the power of Napoleon's France following his
conquest of the city.
While
Venice would again shortly declare itself a republic, attempting
to resist annexation by Austria, it would never revive the dogal
style, but various titles including dictator and collective heads
of state, including a triumvirate.
This
article is licensed under the GNU
Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia
article "Doge of Venice".
DOGE
(52)
8 Th >1 06 Venetian magistrate
4
We >1 00 Former Venetian magistrate
3
Th LAT 06 Old Venetian judge
3
Th >1 02 Venetian VIP
3
We- >1 01 Venetian honcho
2
We LAT 07 Old Venetian magistrate
2
Fr- NYT 97 Venetian V.I.P.
2
Tu >1 03 Venetian bigwig
01
Venetian ruler
1
Fr NYT 05 "___ Andrea Gritti" (Titian portrait)
1
Sa NYT 98 Big cheese of Venice
1
Fr NYT 07 Bygone magistrate
1
Th Rea 04 Erstwhile Venetian official
1
Sa NYT 92 Erstwhile magistrate at Genoa
1
Fr NYT 98 Former Italian leader
1
Th NYT 01 Former Venetian V.I.P.
1
Th NYT 87 Former Venetian bigwig
1
Th NYT 87 Former Venetian ruler
1
Th NYT 98 Genoan V.I.P., once
1
Th NYT 00 Genoan official, once
1
Th NYT 92 Italian magistrate
1
We CSy 07 Magistrate of old Venice
1
We CSy 05 Magistrate with a palace in Venice
1
Th NYT 87 Old Genoese bigwig
1
Mo NYT 05 Old Venetian V.I.P.
99
Old Venetian VIP
1
Tu NYT 05 Old Venetian official
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